Klitzman Law Group, PLLC

Wills Must Go through Probate

A misconception is going around about estate planning, is that wills do not have to go through the probate process.

It is not always clear how mistaken estate planning beliefs get started. It usually happens on the Internet with people seeking out legal advice from often bad sources.

Sometimes, it starts with a television show or movie that has played loose with the law.

Regardless of how mistaken beliefs start, it is important to make sure that you do not believe any of them.

One that more people believe than might be expected, is that wills do not have to go through probate.

That is just wrong, as TC Palm discussed in "Common misconceptions about wills and trusts."

This idea probably got its start, because in some states if an estate is small enough, then it does not have to go through probate. Usually, these are very small estates with very few assets.

Someone with good intentions probably had a relative or friend who passed away with few assets and as a consequence, the will did not have to go through probate.

However, most wills do have to go through probate. They need to be submitted to the court and approved.

The probate court then oversees the administration of the estate as conducted by the executor or personal representative.

If you want your estate to avoid probate, what you need is not a will.

Instead you need to use other estate planning instruments, such as trusts.

Trusts do not have to go through probate in almost all cases. If you would like to get one, schedule an appointment with an estate planning attorney.

Reference: TC Palm (Oct. 5, 2017) "Common misconceptions about wills and trusts."

Suggested Key Words: Wills, Trusts, Estate Planning, Probate

 

Troubled Public Pensions

Public pensions all over the U.S. are facing severe underfunding problems.

Public employees in the U.S. count on their pensions to provide for them in retirement. While most private companies have moved to 401Ks, public employees still have the old pension system.

Because of these pensions, they are often not eligible for Social Security.

However, for decades, these pensions have been underfunded, since governments have preferred to spend money elsewhere.

The problem is severe and not isolated to just a few public pension programs, as the Economist reports in "American public pensions suffer from a gaping hole."

The biggest source of the problem appears to be that administrators have preferred to use projection methods that are unrealistic. More realistic projections would require governments to make greater contributions.

There are no popular options to fix this problem.

Taxpayers do not want to pay more, so governments can meet their pension obligations.

Public employees do not want to contribute more of their paychecks to the pensions.

Current and future pension beneficiaries also do not want to see their benefits cut.

Something will have to give to address the public pension problem adequately.

If employees cannot rely on their pensions, then they might not be able to retire as planned, unless the federal government intervenes and covers the pension shortfalls.

People who are no longer able to work, could find themselves forced to retire and also unable to meet their expenses.

Reference: Economist (Oct. 5, 2017) "American public pensions suffer from a gaping hole."

Suggested Key Words: Elder Law, Elder Issues

Grave Trippers

Many people who were well known in their own time, get forgotten by history. A pair of brothers likes to seek the graves of those people and talk about their stories. They are getting a TV show about it.

New York brothers Vincent and Robert Gardino have a very unusual hobby. They like to visit old cemeteries and seek out the final resting places of people who were once minor celebrities while they were alive, but who have been mostly forgotten about by history.

The brothers have developed a lively banter when they visit these graves and discuss the lives of the deceased between themselves.

Their banter is entertaining enough that it could soon be coming to your television, as The New York Times reports in "Like 'Car Talk,' but With Dead People."

The brothers are developing a television show for PBS that will feature the two of them visiting the graves of people all over the country. The proposed name for the show is "Grave Trippers."

While at first glance, this might not sound like an interesting show, the brothers are being compared to the brothers on NPR’s Car Talk.

If their banter is that lively and entertaining, this show could be a good watch for anyone interested in history and the lives of people in the past.

It should also have plenty of discussion about the historical graves themselves and presumably what happened to the people's possessions when they passed away, if there is anything interesting about the estates.

Reference: New York Times (Sep. 21, 2017) "Like 'Car Talk,' but With Dead People."

Suggested Key Words: Estates

 

There Is Not Time to Do It Later

One of the most frustrating things about estate planning, is that people assume that there is always time to do it later. That leads to putting off important estate planning, until it is too late.

Most people do not think something bad is going to happen to them any time in the near future.

Healthy people have this belief that they will be able to continue with their lives without any problems.

They do not think they will have an accident. They do not think they will get seriously ill. They know these things could happen, but believing that they are imminent is paranoia.

The problem with this thinking is that it leads people to put off estate planning. People put off their initial estate planning, but they also put off making necessary changes to the estate plans they already have.

The latter can be as big of a problem, as the former the Sunshine Daily Coast reports in "Fix your will before it's too late."

What is the problem with putting off making necessary changes to an estate plan? Once you have a plan that is the one a court will follow, until you change it.

If you have stated in your will that someone should inherit your property and you change your mind for whatever reason, the change has no legal effect until you actually create a new will.

If something happens to you before you create that new will, then the person you do not want to inherit the property actually will.

It is never a good idea to procrastinate in any area of estate planning.

Instead of putting things off, see an estate planning attorney as soon as the needs arises.

Reference: Sunshine Coast Daily (Oct. 2, 2017) "Fix your will before it's too late."

Suggested Key Words: Estate Planning, Wills

Everyone Can Get a Trust

Trusts used to be viewed as a tool for the wealthy. That is no longer the case.

Most people probably first learned about trusts in a history class.

The idea of trusts is often introduced when we study the presidency of Teddy Roosevelt. He is famous for speaking out against the trusts of his day and beginning to break them up.

The trusts being talked about in history, were the vehicles of extremely wealthy people that were used to hold their assets. The biggest trusts had immense economic power and near full control over some industries.

Because of this history, people often still think of trusts as things that very wealthy people get and use.

However, trusts are now for everyone, as the Times Herald-Record discusses in "Trusts are no longer just for the wealthy."

There are all kinds of trusts available today. They can be created for many different purposes.

Trusts can be used to make inheritances in blended families less contentious.  They can also be used to hold inheritances for minor children. Trusts can be as simple as being nothing more than a convenient way to avoid the potentially costly and time-consuming probate process.

Because trusts are so versatile, almost anyone can benefit from a trust.

If you would like to know how you might personally benefit from getting one, talk to an estate planning attorney about your needs and what types of trusts can help meet those needs.

Reference: Times Herald-Record (Sep. 28, 2017) "Trusts are no longer just for the wealthy."

Suggested Key Words: Trusts, Estate Planning

Changing a Special Needs Trustee

Special needs trusts are vital for the support of people with disabilities. They are not perfect, however, as it can be difficult for a beneficiary to change the trustee.

Special needs trusts offer substantial benefits for those people who have them.

They allow a beneficiary to have access to income, while remaining eligible for government benefits.

However, in exchange for that benefit, the trusts are very restricted. They must be created in hyper-specific ways and the beneficiary's ability to control the assets in the trust is limited.

Technically, the beneficiary cannot distribute or manage the trust assets.

That means a third-party trustee is needed.

If the trustee is not up to the job or intentionally mishandles the trust, it can be difficult for the beneficiary to change the trustee, as the Wills, Trusts & Estates Prof Blog discusses in "Can the Beneficiary of a Special Needs Trust Change the Trustee?"

A beneficiary of a special needs trust can petition a court to have the trustee removed and another appointed. However, this can be a difficult process and many people with special needs are not able to handle the complex legal issues of filing a petition with the court, let alone arguing for a trustee change.

This could potentially stick a beneficiary with a bad trustee and no recourse.

It is, therefore, important that special needs trusts be drafted with this problem in mind.

Trustees must be chosen carefully and, in cases where the beneficiary is of diminished capacity, it should be clear on who else can petition to change the trustee.

Reference: Wills, Trusts & Estates Prof Blog (Sep. 27, 2017) "Can the Beneficiary of a Special Needs Trust Change the Trustee?"

Suggested Key Words: Special Needs Trust, Trustee

 

Bank Hit with $4 Billion in Punitive Damages

For its role in administering an estate, JPMorgan was sued for damages by the widow and two stepchildren. A jury awarded the plaintiffs $4 billion in punitive damages.

Max Hopper is not a well-known figure.  However, he became a wealthy man during his time as an executive at American Airlines.

He was best known for creating an innovative reservation system.

At the time of his death, his estate was valued at $19 million.

Unfortunately, he did not have an estate plan.

The bank JPMorgan was chosen to administer his complex estate. However, Hopper's widow and her stepchildren grew angry at the way the bank was handling the estate and accused it of delaying distributions for its own benefit.

They sued in a Dallas court.

A jury recently came down with a verdict.

JPMorgan was ordered to pay the plaintiffs $5 million in actual damages and $4 billion in punitive damages, as Bloomberg reports in "JPMorgan Ordered to Pay More Than $4 Billion to Widow and Family."

It is very likely courts will greatly reduce this punitive damage award,  since the Supreme Court has previously ruled that punitive damages must be proportional to actual damages.

Nevertheless, this case highlights an important point.

Estate administrators can be held liable, if they do not faithfully carry out their duties.

The jury in this case believed that the bank was guilty of fraud, breach of fiduciary duty and breaking a fee agreement.

JPMorgan is a sophisticated entity that should have known better.

Estate administrators with less experience would be wise to seek the assistance of an attorney to help them make sure they do not run afoul of the law.

Reference: Bloomberg (Sep. 26, 2017) "JPMorgan Ordered to Pay More Than $4 Billion to Widow and Family."

Suggested Key Words: Estate Administration, Estate Litigation

 

GOP Tax Plan Includes Estate Tax Repeal

For the last few months, there has been speculation about whether President Trump and the GOP would attempt to repeal the estate tax or drop the idea to focus on other tax ideas. For now, they have indicated that an estate tax repeal is still in the works.

The Trump administration and Congressional Republicans are very slowly inching toward tax reform. It has not always been clear what type of reforms they might be considering.

Many different possibilities have been discussed.

However, they have now released a joint framework that gives an idea of their main priorities.

Advocates for a repeal of the estate tax will be pleased to know that a complete repeal of the tax is included in the framework, as Forbes reports in "Trump GOP Tax Reform Framework Calls For Estate Tax Repeal."

Despite including a repeal of the estate tax the framework is curiously silent on the gift tax, which normally goes hand in hand with the estate tax.

If the ideas in the framework were eventually to become law, that would mean pre-death transfers could still be taxed, while post-death transfers to the exact same people would not be.

Of course, releasing a framework for reform is not the same as passing legislation.

There is a long way to go before the estate tax is repealed and the issue is likely to be contentious in Congress.

Reference: Forbes (Sep. 27, 2017) "Trump GOP Tax Reform Framework Calls For Estate Tax Repeal."

Suggested Key Words: Estate Tax, Gift Tax

Social Security Representative Payee Program

Social Security has a little known program that can help families with elderly members who are not able to handle their own finances.

One of the many problems which families of the elderly have to face, is that the elderly person can lose the ability to handle his or her own finances.

Through no fault of their own, they forget what bills they need to pay.

They give money to people to whom they should not give it.

They are susceptible to scammers.

Some of these problems can be handled with a general durable power of attorney.  However, many families worry that because the Social Security check still comes in the name of an elderly person with dementia, the money might still be lost.

However, that worry is unnecessary, since Social Security has a program that can help in these situations, as Forbes discusses in "The Social Security Program For People With Dementia."

The program is the Social Security Representative Payee Program.

It allows someone else to receive the benefit checks of a Social Security payee as a representative.

It is a little known program that has been around for almost as long as Social Security itself.

For families that know about it and use the program, it can provide a great relief.

Unfortunately, it can be a bit of a challenge if one wants to sign up.

It requires a lot of paperwork to be submitted.

For that reason, people who are interested in using the program, might want to first consult with an elder law attorney.

Reference: Forbes (Sep. 26, 2017) "The Social Security Program For People With Dementia."

Suggested Key Words: Social Security, Elder Law

Same-Sex Couples Estate Planning

Legalizing gay marriage did solve most of estate problems for same-sex couples.

When the Supreme Court ruled that same-sex couples have a Constitutional right to get married, many problems those couples faced were finally resolved. For the first time, gay couples had legal protections in case one of them passed away.

The laws of intestate succession would protect them, in case they did not have an estate plan.

Couples were also given more rights to information about the health of the other, so they could assist in the treatment plan if one or the other of them got seriously ill.

However, not all potential estate planning issues for same-sex couples are fully resolved, as Cleveland Jewish News discusses in "Same-sex couples could face estate planning road blocks."

One of the biggest problems remains child custody.

Prior to legalizing same-sex marriage, it was not normally allowed for both partners in a same-sex relationship to be put on the birth certificate of a newborn.

This has important implications for any children born prior to the Supreme Court's decision.

The automatic right of custody of children in the event the spouse whose name is on the birth certificate passes away, cannot be assumed for the other spouse.

Of course, this is an ever bigger problem for same-sex couples who have chosen not to get married.  They still have all of the other potential issues that existed previously.

It is extremely important that same-sex couples see an estate planning attorney.

The law is more favorable than it used to be, but it is not yet perfect at protecting their rights.

Reference: Cleveland Jewish News (Sep. 9, 2017) "Same-sex couples could face estate planning road blocks."

Suggested Key Words: Estate Planning